Chili Plant Cultivation

INTRODUCTION

Chili pepper (Capsicum Annum var longum) is one of the horticultural commodities that have significant economic value in Indonesia, because the fruit or vegetable used in addition to cooking spices also have the capacity to raise farmers' income, as an industrial raw material, have export opportunities, employment opportunities as well as the source vitamin C. Planted area and production of chilli in Irian Jaya in 1998 was 4104 ha with a production of 8565 tons / ha.

GROWING CONDITIONS
1. Ground
- Land-structured crumb / loose and rich in organic material.
- The degree of acidity (pH) soil between 5.5 to 7.0
- Land is not muddy / no puddles
- Land planting open or no shade.
2. Climate
- 1500-2500 mm rainfall per annum with a uniform distribution.
- Air temperature 16 ° - 32 ° C
- When flowering until the time of cooking the fruit, sufficient atahari light conditions (10 - 12 hours).
CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES
1. Seedbed
- The need for planting of seeds per hectare is 150 to 300 grams with the power
grew more than 90%.
- Prepare a medium for seedlings from the soil, sand and manure with erbandingan made beds, 1:1 ± 20 cm tall, ± 1 m wide and 3-5 m and the gathering is given a shade of straw or reed / thatch.
- Spread the seeds evenly or spread in garikan spaced 5 cm and aritan closed thin soil and watered. Maintain good moisture to keep anah fast growing seeds

- After a 10-day-old seedlings, then do pengkokeran to facilitate menanaman and prevent the death of plants when transferred. Ocher can be used as banana leaves, coconut leaves or plastic bags. Ang seeds have been placed under the auspices dikoker nurseries.
- About five days before the seedlings transferred to the nursery open shade
or reduced so that the seeds used to the sun.


2. Soil Processing
- One week before planting the land is ready, covering hoe / plow and making beds.
- The size beds, ± 30 cm tall, 1-1.5 m wide and long as needed Put the wine between beds j + 30 cm.
- Give the manure at a dose of 20-30 tons / ha.
- When used plastic mulch can be installed after the manure fertilization den bile used mulch from plant waste such as dang-den hose plant remains can be given after the planting of seedlings.


3. Planting
- Seeds can be moved at the age of 28-35 days after the seedlings with leaves 5 to 7 pieces.
- Select a high seed den uniform size. Planting seedlings in an upright position and press a little soil around the plant stem.
- Flush the plant adequately after planting dilakukan2 den next watering every other day when no rain.


4. Fertilizing
- Given the den dose following applications:
- Manure 20 tons / ha.
- Application a week before planting.
- Urea 150 kg / ha, ages 3,6,9 weeks after planting with a dose of 1 / 3 of each application.
- ZA 400 kg / ha. Age 3,6,9 weeks after planting with a dose of 1 / 3 of each application.
- TSP - 36: 150 kg / ha, application a week before planting.
- KCL: 100 kg / ha, ages 3,6,9 weeks after planting with a dose of 1 / 3 of each application.
- To further improve the results can be given liquid fertilizer complement dose Tress 500 1 / ha, at the age of 20 days after planting. Age 30 days after planting 500 liters / ha. Age 40 days after planting 500 liters / ha and 50 days after planting 500 liters / ha.


5. Maintenance
- Perform stitching ads bile plants die pads in the morning / late afternoon.
- Installation of marker can be done at the time of planting or after crop as high as 30 to 50 cm and directly tied to the length of marker + 1.5 m.
- Siangi planting prior to fertilization when there are weeds.


6. Controlling Pests and Diseases
- Pests and diseases that attack plant hopper is the chili plant pest infestation, peach leaves, caterpillars, grayak, trips pests, fruit rot diseases, leaf spot and stem rot. Pest control can be done by spraying pesticides alamai (See article on natural pesticide)


7. Harvest
- Panenlah chili, chili color when the fruit of more than 60% (fruit color was black stripe).
- Harvesting can be done once every 3-5 days continuously until the plants do not produce

- When harvesting the fruit stalks included, do be selective and hearts - hearts that flower, fruit bars that do not fall off / damaged.